Rap The Flow Of A Disputed Artform - 3070 Words

Rap: the Flow of a Disputed Artform Often in history, and especially in the timeline of musical trends, the introduction of new ideas is almost always met with steep judgement and general distaste. It is not music at all. It s merely an irritation of the nerves of hearing, a sensual teasing of the strings of physical passion. Coarse opinions, such as Princeton University Professor Henry van Dyke’s, were common when jazz music initially received a reputation as being immoral with many members of the older generations viewed it as threatening old values in culture and promoting the new decadent values of the â€Å"Roaring 20s.† Eventually though, through informed discussion and appreciation for it’s innovative qualities, jazz became recognized as indispensable and one of the most definitive styles of American music. History appears to have repeated itself again in the case of another emerging musical genre: rap. Much like how jazz and blues were first highly controversial but undeniably very American musical styles, rap has become a definitive musical voice and creative outlet for a large group of people. In the last few decades, rap music in America has dramatically captured and changed the pop culture and media of youth. Much about rap is misunderstood because of lack of knowledge of the social context to some listeners and so it is often deemed obscene due to explicit language and content. Rap music has done so much socially crossing color barriers and introducing poetry to

William Shakespeare, Regarded As The Foremost Dramatist

William Shakespeare, regarded as the foremost dramatist of his time, wrote Macbeth. It is an amalgamation of witchcraft, allusion, and prophecies that depicts a seemingly unescapable fate of human beings in the world. It paints a black and horrid picture but it also implies the ideals of Renaissance humanism. Although imperfect, the embodiment of the characters has tremendous self awareness, freedom and, self-expression. Much like pervasive themes endemic to the Renaissance, the theme of the play revolves around the destruction of one’s humanity due to its insatiable appetite for prosperity. It shows the progression of corruption brought about by one’s rampant ambition. Shakespeare’s body of work echoes a strong response against the†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the and lack of ambiance creates a complete sense of mystery, that encapsulates the essence of the barbaric nature of the period. To enhance the unsettling visuals, the antagonists are in th e form of witches. They have visible aspects defined as withered women with bizarre and unnatural features. They introduce an element of supernatural mystery and fear into Macbeth as they move with thunder and lightning and vanish in thin air. Prophecies govern the fate of the protagonist in the play much like Christian doctrines in new Testament predicts catastrophes. Shakespeare engineered this element as a recurring structure that developed the theme of the play as it instigates the protagonists plot into motion. Created by the antagonists in the play, the prophecy is mainly a choice handed over to the protagonist. It is a vision that posses no definite shape unless the dark thoughts have already been smoldered in the mind of the one being affected. The Witches, merely prophesize certain things for Macbeth. They do not influence him in any concrete manner, but the effect of the prophecy is to make Macbeth, start as if he were already guilty of harboring dangerous ideas. It is a fact that his ambition impels him towards â€Å"the swelling act of the imperial theme†, though his conscience fills him with horror at the idea that has come to him about how to gain the throne. ThisShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Shakes peares Imagery Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pagesand writing style. Shakespeare was wildly popular during the Elizabethan era. He, unlike like many authors during this time, was actually famous while he was alive. While Shakespeare was regarded as the foremost dramatist of his time, evidence indicates that both he and his contemporaries looked to poetry, not playwriting, for enduring fame. Shakespeare’s sonnets were composed between 1593 and 1601, though not published until 1609. That edition, The Sonnets of Shakespeare, consists of 154 sonnetsRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 Pagesï » ¿ RESEARCH TOPIC An Analytic Review Of Shakespearean Influence On Faulkner s Tragedy RESEARCH QUESTION How Shakespeare tragic patterns influenced on William Faulkner s writings? NAME: SYEDA AMBREEN FATIMA FATHER’S NAME: SYED HASAN AKHTER SEAT NO: 1315793 ENROLMENT NO: 2013/ENG/M.A(LIT)/15681 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28TH NOV 2013 SUBMITTED TO: MISS SAMREEN

International Trade Theories Comparative Analysis of Poland and Vietn

Question: Discuss about theInternational Trade Theoriesfor Comparative Analysis of Poland and Vietnam. Answer: Absolute Advantage of Poland and Vietnam Total volume of trade in Vietnam is higher in Poland compared to Vietnam. Volume of trade as a percentage of GDP is 91.9% for Poland and 160.07% for Vietnam. Among the total volume of trade, Vietnam export has 86.4.5% share in countrys GDP. Poland has 47.457% share of export in countrys GDP. Therefore, it can be assessed that growth of export of goods and services is more in Vietnam compared to Poland. Import share of Vietnam in 2014 was 83.13% whereas; the import of goods and services in Poland is 46.169%. During 2014, current account balance of Vietnam was US$9.353 billion and that of Poland is US$11.124 bn. Vietnam was in better position in terms of current account balance in trade. Major components of export of both the countries are agricultural product, fuels and mining products and manufacturers. Between the two countries, Vietnam export more agricultural products compared to Poland. Vietnam has 17.6% agricultural share in total export, whereas; Poland has that of 14.2%. Share of manufacturing products in export is 73.9% in Vietnam while Poland has 77.6% share of manufacturing product in export. Poland mainly specialises in manufacturing products. Germany is the major trading partner of Poland for export. During 2014, Poland imported mostly the crude petroleum, vehicle parts, cars and computers (Gandolfo, 2014). On the other hand Vietnam is mostly agrarian economy. Rice and rubbers are main agricultural products that are exported from Vietnam. As mentioned by Seretis Tsaliki (2015), a country enjoys absolute advantage in trade when cost of producing a good or service is low in that country compared to other countries. A country is said to have absolute advantage in producing a unit of good if it uses less number of inputs in producing that good. However, as the data on input use per unit of production is not available, absolute advantage can be evaluated from yield/hectare. Total production of a product in a country tells about the absolute advantage. It can be assumed that the country, which has lower cost of production, enjoys absolute advantage in production (Gandolfo, 2014). Poland has absolute advantage in production of potatoes, and millets as total production and yield per hectare are greater in this country compared to Vietnam. On the other hand, Vietnam has absolute advantage in production of roots and tubers, maize and total cereals. The yield value tells about the productive capacity of a country (Feenstra, 201 5). If it can be assumed that same number of inputs is used by the country, then absolute advantage will be there, where yield per hectare is higher. Comparative Advantage A country has comparative advantage in production if it can produce a particular product at lower marginal and opportunity cost compared to other country (Cuat Melitz, 2012). Opportunity cost in production prevails if a country is able to produce a unit of product at lower input cost compared to other country. As the input data is not available in the table, product price can be used in the analysis of opportunity cost. The product price reflects the input cost. Product price is lower if the input cost is lower. The product price in the table 2 reflects combining cost of capital and labour (Johnson, 2013). Poland has the capacity to supply sugar beet at UD$40.2, whereas, Vietnam do the same at $43.7. Then it can be said that Poland has comparative advantage in sugar beet production. For the other agricultural products such as chicory roots, carrots and turnip, potatoes and oats, price per unit is less in Poland. Cost of producing those goods are more in Vietnam compared to Poland. However, production pattern is different for the two countries. From the data table, it can be seen that Vietnam can produce sugarcane at lowest cost. Therefore, it can be assessed that Poland can enjoys lowest opportunity cost in sugar beet production and Vietnam has lowest opportunity cost in sugarcane production compared to other goods (Levchenko Zhang, 2016). Hence, while trading with other countries, Poland should produce and export more of sugar beet and Vietnam should produce more sugar cane. Factor Endowment, Trade and Income Distribution Heckscher-Ohline Model The Heckscher Ohline model says that a country exports that product, which it can produce by using abundant and cheaper factor. This country should import the goods which uses the scarce factor in production. The major factors of production are land, labour and capital. Land is primary input in agricultural production (Kawagishi Mino, 2016). It can be seen from table 4 that Poland has 144100 mn hectare agricultural lands which is 47.059% of the total land available in the country. Vietnam has 108737 mn hectare agricultural lands, which comprises 35.068% of the total land of the country. It can be said that opportunity of agriculture is more in Poland in terms of availability of land. However, labour in an important factor in agricultural production. Vietnam is labour abundant country compared to Poland as Vietnam has greater number of active labour force compared to Poland. As labour is abundant in Vietnam, it is cheaper to use in production. Table 4 shows that Poland is capital abundant country being a developed nation and Vietnam is capital scare country being a developing nation. Therefore, according to Heckscher- /Ohline model, Vietnam needs to specialise in agricultural production and Poland needs to specialise in manufacturing goods. The trade pattern of both countries shows that Poland and Vietnam follows the Heckscher- /Ohline model. Major export goods of Vietnam are rice, coffee whereas Poland specialises in manufacturing goods such as machinery and equipment, textile and footwear and metal products. However, as seen in modern trade globally, countries produces little amount of that product in which it has no specialisation in order to meet domestic demand (Iwasa Nishimura, 2014). Therefore, both the country produces products in which they have incomplete specialisation. Poland has exception in trade pattern as it imports those goods which use the abundant factor such as capital in this country. The reason may be that importing those products may give the country comparative advantage. Stolper- Samuelson Model Stolper Samuelson theory of trade says that under constant economies of scale and perfect competition between two countries, an increase in the relative price of a good will increase the return to the factor, which is intensively used in production and vice-versa (Luttmer, 2013). Therefore, from the trade pattern of Poland and Vietnam, it can be said that if relative price of agricultural product rises in the international market in comparison to the manufacturing product, wage rate in this country will rise. Rise in agricultural price will increase GDP of the country and demand for labour will rise (Backhouse, 2015). Terms of trade of Vietnam will increase in favour of Vietnam. Therefore, the price of labour such as wage will increase in Vietnam. On the other hand, if price of manufacturing product rises in the international market, the price of capital such as interest rate will increase as requirement for capital/ labour is more in case of manufacturing products. Therefore, return to capital in Poland is likely to rise. New Trade Theory Economies of Scale According to modern trade theory, economies of scale exist in international trade, if a country is able to produce a product at a large scale with the lowest cost compared to any other country (Feenstra, 2015). From table 2, it can be assessed that using the available agricultural land, Vietnam is able to produce 50178717 tonnes of cereals with a yield of 55774 kg per hectare while Poland can produce 31945433 units of cereals. Vietnam has economies of scale in agricultural production and especially the cereals. Production of cereals requires labour more intensively in production. Vietnam can use the abundant factor labour in cereal production. Hence, it can be said that Vietnam has economies of scale in cereal production whereas; Poland has economies of scale in manufacturing goods production along with potato and millet production (Johnson, 2013). However, in the ASEAN market, Vietnam enjoys some extent of market power in rice production and export as it has economies of scale in ri ce production. Table 5 Country 1:Poland Country 2:Vietnam Product Domestic consumption (tone) Exports(tone) Product Domestic consumption (tone) Exports (tone) Potatoes 7792248 103068 Mesline flour 1800000 113544 Roots and tubers,total 7689203 23 Corn 7140000 400000 Maize 475258 284055 Rice 1500000 6500000 Cereal Total 31970162 24729 Wheat 1900000 0 Millet 51860 2173 Coffee 2025 per 1000 bags 14.5 million bags Source: export.gov.il, 2014 Imperfect Competition and Market Power In the international trade, imperfect competition and market power exists, if a country supplies goods at a large scale in the international market. If no other country can produce that good at the same or more scale, then that said country enjoys a significant amount market power (Gandolfo, 2014). When country enjoys market power in the international market, it regulates the global price for that product due to having monopoly power. An example of market power is OPEC country, which regulates the crude oil price. The country having market power in the presence of imperfect competition regulates the price by increasing or decreasing the supply of products. In the present analysis, there is no imperfect competition between Poland and Vietnam. Competition exists between the two countries as both uses the same factors in the production although having differences in factor endowment. Although Poland enjoys comparative advantage in manufacturing goods production and Vietnam enjoys that in selected agricultural goods production, no one specialises in any single product. Both the countries have diversified trade pattern. Therefore, export and import combination of two countries comprises both the agricultural and manufacturing products. Hence, no one faces imperfect competition in the market or enjoys any market power in bilateral trade (Cuat Melitz, 2012). Among the top five countries producing agricultural goods, United states enjoy significant market power in Almond production. Total volume of trade is highest for United States with 37.7% market share. Though US have no monopoly power, it has power to influence market price of Almond in the international market. As it is supplies largest amount of almond in the market, reduction is almond production in US can reduce the price of this production in the global market. In comparison, Iran and Morocco has little power to influence the price as they have only 5.2% and 5.1% market share. References Backhouse, R. E. (2015). Revisiting Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis.Journal of Economic Literature,53(2), 326-350. Cuat, A., Melitz, M. J. (2012). Volatility, labor market flexibility, and the pattern of comparative advantage.Journal of the European Economic Association,10(2), 225-254. export.gov.il (2014). Grain and Feed Annual. export.gov.il/. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.export.gov.il/uploadfiles/07_2014/grain%20and%20feed%20annual_hanoi_vietnam_4-8-2014_1.pdf Feenstra, R. C. (2015).Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Gandolfo, G. (2014). Introduction to International Trade Theory and Policy. InInternational Trade Theory and Policy(pp. 3-7). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Iwasa, K., Nishimura, K. (2014). Dynamic two?country HeckscherOhlin model with externality.International Journal of Economic Theory,10(1), 53-74. Johnson, H. G. (2013).International Trade and Economic Growth (Collected Works of Harry Johnson): Studies in Pure Theory. Routledge. Kawagishi, T., Mino, K. (2016). Time Preference and Income Convergence in a Dynamic HeckscherOhlin Model.Review of International Economics. Levchenko, A. A., Zhang, J. (2016). The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications.Journal of Monetary Economics,78, 96-111. Luttmer, E. G. (2013). The Stolper-Samuelson effects of a decline in aggregate consumption.Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Working Paper, (703). Seretis, S. A., Tsaliki, P. V. (2015). Absolute Advantage and International Trade Evidence from Four Euro-zone Economies.Review of Radical Political Economics, 0486613415603160.

The 5 Best Job Boards for a New Freelance Writer

Making consistent money is probably the number one goal all new freelance writers strive for, right? Theres a ton of advice out there a lot of it on my blog about how to land your first client and grow your freelance writing business. But, sorting through all those tips and strategies can make a newbie have analysis paralysis. All of sudden, instead of going out there and pitching your little heart, youre stuck at a dead end 9-5 job unable to piece together the steps to getting paid to write online. You dont want to know EVERYTHING about freelance writing; you just want to learn how to make money with your words (hint: its using job boards as a newbie!). I get you. Thats exactly how I started as a freelance writer. No training. No experience. I had to learn the hard way, make many mistakes and try and try again before I finally figured it out. And while I have a couple of courses that can help you land some consistent work, for today, lets just focus on where to find a freelance writing job using job boards. Baby steps, right? And to make it easier, Im not going to bother on ALL the ways to land a writing gig; Im just going to focus on one. Because one way is so much easier to focus on, take action on and actually get out there and DO IT. So, whats the quickest way to land a freelance writing job? Job Boards Yes. Some of the big freelance writers dont recommend using freelance writing job boards. Why? Well, they feel the quality of projects are low and the pay is low too. But, I disagree. Ive told my story numerous times that I got my break on a job board. It was the BEST thing that happened to me. Why? I gained confidence. Before I landed my first freelance writing job, I had an incident that almost made me quit entirely. At that time I kept thinking that, Im NOT a writer. I didnt have a journalism degree. Heck, Im not even the best writer out there either. So, when I finally landed my first writing job, boy oh boy, did my confidence shoot through the roof. From that time, I kept landing more jobs, collaborated with more bloggers and found my profitable niche finally! Job boards are perfect for new freelance writers. They: Have fresh jobs daily, even hourly Usually have a low entry point. In other words, a lot of ads stipulate you dont need a lot of experience to land that gig You can apply to numerous ads using only one job board You can see that even though there are ways to land work without using job boards, if youre brand new, this is the best way to find consistent and long term work. But, not all job boards are the same. Here are my top five picks. 1. Contena Contena is a job board that curates all jobs online and not only from other job boards. While this is a paid job board, I like the fact that I have the option to sort through jobs by category, or by niche. I just dont have the time to go through all the job boards out there and for a lot of freelance writers, you should spend the bulk of your time on tasks that will result in a positive outcome (landing work). With Contena you can do that. Another nice feature of using this paid job board over others is Contena Alerts. These are alerts that come to you inbox daily. You set the alerts with the criteria you want like rate or category and Contena will only give you only those matches. So, instead of using their platform, they notify you instead! Contena also has Pro Rates which shows you the average rates within an industry (travel writing for instance). This data is taken from actual freelance writers and from company information. So, if youre new and want to see how much you could make in your niche, Contena Pro Rate can help you figure our your rate. If youre interested in signing up to Contena, use my special 10% discount code elna10. You get 10% off any option or 10% off each payment if you choose the payment route. AND if you pay in full you receive a 20% discount PLUS your coupon will stack on top of that! 2. ProBlogger ProBlogger is one of the free job boards and for a lot of writers, this job board is considered one of the best out there for free job boards. I used ProBlogger a lot when I first started, but it can be a bit competitive since many bloggers and freelancers know about this job board. They recently updated it and now you can search by keyword your niche to help make it easier to comb through the ads. If youre new to freelance writing, definitely go here to see whats available. A lot of these jobs arent high paying, but if all you want is to finally land a job, consider using this freelance writing job board. Pitching is all in the numbers, so be prepared to pitch multiple times a day on this job board (or any job board) to land a gig. Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online 3. Freelance Writing Freelance Writing job board was the job board I used to land my first gig. Whats great about this free job board is that they have many job sources all in one place (Craigslist, Indeed etc) You can click on a job source and only look at jobs on that platform. Or, you can just see what the listings are for the day from the Freelance Writing platform. You can filter results by using a keyword or you can see whats available by date. I like this job board because it does grab sources from Craigslist and other job sites, saving you time when you are pitching. 4. BloggingPro BloggingPro is a free job site that sorts jobs via type Freelance, Internship, Contract, Part Time or Temporary so when looking through the listings, make sure it says freelanceor the location says anywhere. I personally havent landed a gig on this platform, but I know other established writers have sworn by this site. As the name implies, youll probably find a lot of blogging type gigs, but thats not to say you wont find other types like blog management or copywriting. 5. All Indie Writers All Indie Writers is a great blog for freelance writing tips. Theres a freelance marketplace to see what publications pay as well as a freelance writing job board that curates jobs from multiple places including Craigslist. Jennifer, the owner, offers the pay range in the short description. This saves a lot of time and helps you sort through jobs based on price. This job board is free and you can even sign up to the RSS feed to be alerted of when new postings occur. Job Boards for The New Writer There are a lot of freelance writing job boards out there. Some of them are paid, like Contena, while others are free, like ProBlogger. As a new writer, spend most of your time trying to land work. This means pitching to job boards every day. Good luck! If youre not new, tell me which job board helped you land your first gig 🙂 And to help with that I have a free course on getting paid to write online. Sign up to my free six-day email course and get even more actionable tips to help you succeed as a freelance writer.